Biased pawl ratcheting wrench

ABSTRACT

A ratchet wrench comprises a handle defining a cavity including a plurality of teeth on an inner periphery thereof, a wheel, a biasing spring ring, and at least one tooth pawl mounted in recesses formed on the outer periphery of the wheel. The wheel is rotatably mounted inside the cavity and the pawls are biased by the spring ring to engage the plurality of teeth on the inner periphery of the cavity when rotated in a first direction, and to slide over the teeth engage the plurality of teeth on the inner periphery of the cavity when rotated in a direction opposite the first direction.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a non-provisional application claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/936,134, filed Feb. 5, 2014, and claiming priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/890,621, filed Oct. 14, 2013, both entitled “Biased Pawl Ratcheting Wrench” and the contents of each are both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates generally to ratchet wrenches and more particularly to a biased pawl ratcheting wrench.

BACKGROUND OF RELATED ART

Ratchet wrenches are generally known in the art. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,296 describes a unidirectional ratchet wrench consisting of a wrench body, a ratchet, an expending ring and a plurality of clamping blocks, i.e. pawls. The ratchet is rotatably mounted inside the wrench body and has the pawls evenly spaced around the ratchet to engage the inner surface of the wrench body. Two covers are mounted on opposite openings of a toothed cavity of the wrench body to enclose the ratchet.

Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,615,693 describes a ratchet including a head and a driving member rotatably received in the head. A plurality of teeth are defined on the inside surface of the head and a plurality of notches are defined on the outer periphery of the driving member. Each notch has a pawl received therein which engages the teeth of the inside surface of the head. A spring ring is mounted to protrusions formed on each of the pawls and pulls the pawl inward toward the driving member.

Still further, U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,330 describes a ratchet wrench including a driving head having an inner peripheral gear, a wheel rotatably engaged in the driving head and having two openings formed in the outer peripheral portion. Two pawls are received in the openings of the wheel and each has a number of outer teeth for engaging with the inner peripheral gear of the driving head, and each has one end for being biased to engage into the end portions of the openings of the wheel by two springs engaging the pawls and

While each of the above-referenced wrenches generally works for their intended purposes, each of the described wrenches relies upon a wire spring that may be difficult manufacture, to assemble, e.g., may require specialized tools, and/or may be prone to failure based upon the size and fragility of the spring itself.

As such, there is a recognized need in the art for an improved ratchet wrench assembly.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an example ratchet wrench in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an exploded top plan view of the example ratchet of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the assembled example ratchet wrench of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is cross sectional top plan view of the assembled example ratchet taken along line C-C of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an example spring ring for use in the example ratchet of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the example spring ring of FIG. 5, prior to formation of a plurality of spring leafs.

FIG. 7 is perspective view of an example wheel for use in the example ratchet of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the example wheel of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is perspective view of an example pawl for use in the example ratchet of FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of the example pawl of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged top plan view of an example spring for use with the example ratchet of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description of example methods and apparatus is not intended to limit the scope of the description to the precise form or forms detailed herein. Instead the following description is intended to be illustrative so that others may follow its teachings.

Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, an example of a ratchet wrench 10 formed in accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure is illustrated. In this example, the ratchet wrench 10 comprises a handle 12, a spring ring 14, a wheel 16, a plurality of pawls 18, and a cap 20.

As illustrated, one end of the handle 12 defines a cavity 22 to rotatably hold the spring ring 14, the wheel 16, and the pawls 18 as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this example, one side of the cavity 22 is integrally formed with a wall or flange 24 to at least partially enclose the one side of the cavity 22. Meanwhile, the other side of the cavity 22 is adapted to removably receive the cap 20, which is configured to be mounted over the cavity 22 and to at least partially enclose the other side of the cavity 22. In this example, the cap 20 is threaded to releasable engage corresponding threads formed in the inner wall of the cavity 22. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that each of the flange 24 and the cap 20 may be integrally or separately formed as desired, and may be mounted to the handle 12 via any suitable mechanism, including for instance, fasteners, adhesives, solders, etc. Together, the flange 24 and the cap 20, once mounted to the handle 12, cooperate to retain the spring ring 14, the wheel 16, and the pawls 18 within the cavity 22. In addition, the flange 24 and the cap 20 each define an aperture 21 to allow operable access to the elements retained within the cavity 22.

A plurality of teeth 26 are formed longitudinally on an inner periphery of the cavity 22. In this example, each tooth 26 has a substantially equilateral tooth profile. As will be appreciated, however, in some example, each tooth 26 may include an inclined face and a substantially upright face.

As additionally illustrated in FIGS. 7-8, in this example, the wheel 16 includes a socket 30 defined in the center and adapted to engage a bolt, nut, fastener, or other similar fitting. In this instance, the example socket 30 is defined as a regular polygon, e.g., a hexagon, but it will be understood that the socket 30 may be any suitable shape and/or design. The example wheel 16 also defines an arcuate flange 17 a, 17 b, extending from each side of the wheel 16 and, in this example, sized to extend at least partially through the corresponding aperture defined by the flange 24 and the cap 20.

At least one pawl recess 32 is longitudinally defined around the outer periphery of the wheel 16. As will be understood, in the illustrated example, the wheel 16 includes six evenly dispersed pawl recesses 32 around the outer periphery, but any suitable number of pawl recesses 32 may be utilized as desired. In addition, the spacing of the pawl recesses need not be evenly or symmetrically arranged around the outer periphery, but may be distributed as preferred.

The example pawl recesses 32 are each bordered by an inclined face 37 on one side and a generally upright face 39 that extends outward from the outer periphery of the wheel 16 on the other side. Similar to the teeth 26, in his example, all inclined faces 37 and the upright faces 39 of the teeth pawl recesses 32 are arranged in the same direction.

At least one pawl 18 is mounted within at least one corresponding pawl recess 32 in the wheel 16. As illustrated, in this example, each of the six pawl recesses 32 includes a corresponding pawl 18, and thus the ratchet 10 includes six pawls 18 distributed around the wheel 16.

In the example illustrated herein, the six pawls 18 are divided into three sets of two pawls, and each of the three sets is clocked differently by the wheel 16 such that when one set of pawls 18 is engaged with the teeth 26, one of the other sets of pawls 18 is only partially engaged (e.g., half engaged) and the remaining set of pawls is disengaged. By clocking the pawls differently a coarser tooth pattern can be used while maintaining a fine tooth pattern action. It will be appreciated that the arrangement and number of sets, and the various clocking patterns associated with the pawls may vary with differing design arrangements.

As best seen in FIGS. 9 and 10, each of the example pawls 18 includes a toothed face 40 facing outward (e.g., away from the wheel 16 when assembled) and a substantially smooth face 42 facing inward (e.g., towards the wheel 16 when assembled). In this example, the toothed face 40 includes at least one tooth 44, such as for example a plurality of teeth 44 to engage the teeth 26 formed on the inner periphery of the cavity 22 when both the pawls 18 and the wheel 16 are assembled within the cavity 22. In the illustrated example, each pawl includes five teeth 44 formed on the pawl 18, and a sixth tooth 44 a formed on one end 18 a of the pawl 18. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the number and/or shape of the teeth 44, 44 a may vary as desired, and while each of the teeth 44 may be generally similar, if not identical, in shape, the shape and/or position of the teeth 44 may vary to provide different effects, such as for instance, various clocking modes as appropriate.

In this example, as best illustrated in FIG. 10, the five teeth 44 are generally uniform in appearance and include a substantially triangular tooth profile. The sixth tooth 46 meanwhile includes a slightly more rounded tooth profile, which as will be described in detail herein, may better assist in allowing the pawl 18 to move relative to the inner periphery of the cavity 22 when the wheel 16 is rotated in the correct direction. In addition, to further assist the pawl 18 is movement relative to the inner periphery of the cavity 22, the smooth face 42 near the end 18 a of the pawl 18 may include a cammed surface 50 for engagement with the corresponding inclined face 37 of the pawl recess 32. An opposite end 18 b includes a generally flat surface. It will be understood, however, that the number, arrangement, and/or shape of any of the teeth 44 as well as the overall shape of the faces of the pawl 18 may vary as desired.

As best illustrated in FIG. 5, the example spring ring 14 includes a generally planar surface 60, and at least one resilient biasing leaf 62 extending from the planar surface 60. In this example, the spring ring 14 includes six leafs 62 corresponding to the number of pawl recesses 32 and pawls 18. The planar surface 60 of the spring ring 14 is sized to be mounted inside the cavity 22 and abut one of the flange 24 or the cap 20. The spring ring 14 further defines an aperture 64 substantially corresponding to the size of the aperture 21.

When assembled, the leaf 62 of the spring ring 14 longitudinally extends into the corresponding pawl recess 32 between the upright face 39 of the pawl recess 32 and the flat surface of the end 18 b of the pawl 18. In this manner the spring ring 14 biases the pawl 18 away from the upright face 39 of the pawl recess, and towards the teeth 26 along the inner periphery of the cavity 22, thereby engaging the teeth 44 on the pawl 18 with the teeth 26 in the cavity 22.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, in one example the spring ring 14 is manufactured from a single piece of resilient material through any suitable manufacturing technique, including for instance, stamping, etc. As shown, the leafs 62 may be cut and/or otherwise separated from the planar surface 60 and resiliently bent away from the surface 60 to form the resilient biasing leaf 62. The relative ease of manufacturing and the relative ease of assembling the components of the ratchet 10 will therefore be appreciated.

With reference to the cross sectional illustration of FIG. 4, in operation, the assembled ratchet wrench 10, and more particularly the socket 30 is placed over a nut or other suitable element and is engaged inside the socket 30. In the orientation illustrated in FIG. 4, the handle 12 is rotated in the direction of the arrow B (e.g., counter-clockwise) to make the teeth 44 of the pawl 18 engage the teeth 26 of the cavity 22. Specifically, upon rotation of the handle 12 in the direction of the arrow B, the pawl 18, under a biasing force created by the leaf 62 is forced towards the teeth 26 and as rotation continues, is thus urged by the engagement of the teeth 26 and the pawl teeth 44 against the bias towards the upright face 39 of the wheel 16. The wheel 16 is therefore pushed by and rotates with handle thereby rotating the nut or other element engaged inside the socket 30.

Still referring to FIG. 4, when the handle is rotated in the direction of the arrow B (e.g., clockwise), the teeth 44 of the pawl 18 move along the teeth 26, sliding over the teeth 26 (i.e., ratcheting). In this instance, the wheel 16 does not rotate with the handle 12, and the ratchet wrench 10 does not rotate the nut or other element engaged in side the socket. To reverse the direction of the arrows A and B, the wrench 10 need only be turned over.

As can be seen in the example of FIG. 4, the six pawls 18 are divided into three sets 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, each of the sets having two pawls 18 respectively. The sample pawl sets 18 a, 18 b, 18 c, are each clocked differently by the wheel 16 such that when one set of pawls 18 a are engaged with the teeth 26, one of the other sets of pawls 18 b is only partially engaged (e.g., half engaged) and the remaining set of pawls 18 c is disengaged.

Referring now to FIG. 11, there is illustrated another example spring 14′ for use in the example wrench 10. The spring 14′ may be used as an alternative to the spring ring 14 or may be used in addition to the spring ring 14 as desired. In this example, the spring 14′ includes a coil spring located with at least one of the pawl recesses and between the upright face 39 of the wheel 16 and the corresponding flat surface of the end 18 b of the pawl 18. In this manner the spring 14′ similarly biases the pawl 18 away from the upright face 39 of the pawl recess, and towards the teeth 26 along the inner periphery of the cavity 22, thereby engaging the teeth 44 on the pawl 18 with the teeth 26 in the cavity 22. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art the spring 14′ and/or the spring ring 14 as disclosed herein may be any suitable spring for locating between the pawl and the upright face of the inner wheel and/or for biasing the pawl 18 into contact with the teeth 26 of the cavity 22. For example, in alternative and/or in addition to the springs already disclosed, the bias may be provided by any resilient element included a resilient material, a torsion spring, a tension spring, a flat spring, leaf spring, helical spring, volute spring, or any other suitable biasing member.

Although certain example methods and apparatus have been described herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limited thereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appended claims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents. 

We claim:
 1. A ratchet wrench comprising: a handle having an end defining a cavity and a plurality of teeth formed circumferentially on an inner periphery of the cavity; a wheel rotatably mounted in the cavity of the handle and comprising: a socket adapted to engage a nut or other suitable element; a pawl recess defined around an outer periphery of the wheel, the pawl recess being bordered by an inclined face on one side and a generally upright face on the other, both extending from the outer periphery of the wheel; a pawl received in the pawl recess, the pawl having at least one tooth facing outward from the outer periphery of the wheel to engage with the plurality of teeth formed on the inner periphery of the cavity; and a biasing member mounted in the cavity of the handle and comprising a resilient biasing element extending into the pawl recess between the upright face of the pawl recess and the pawl, wherein the resilient biasing element provides a biasing force against the pawl to urge the pawl into contact with the inner periphery of the cavity.
 2. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 1, wherein the cavity comprises an integrally formed flange to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity.
 3. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 1, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a removable cap to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity.
 4. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 3, wherein the cavity is threaded to receive corresponding threads formed on the removable cap.
 5. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 1, wherein the resilient biasing element is a spring ring.
 6. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 5, wherein the spring ring comprises a generally planar surface and at least one resilient biasing leaf extending from the planar surface.
 7. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 6, wherein the cavity comprises an integrally formed flange to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity and the planar surface of the spring ring is disposed intermediate the flange and the wheel.
 8. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 6, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a removable cap to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity and the planar surface of the spring ring is disposed intermediate the flange and the wheel.
 9. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring.
 10. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1, wherein the pawl includes a cammed surface for abutting the inclined face defining the pawl recess.
 11. A ratchet wrench comprising: a handle having an end defining a cavity and a plurality of teeth formed on an inner periphery of the cavity; a wheel rotatably mounted in the cavity of the handle and comprising: a socket; a plurality of pawl recesses defined around an outer periphery of the wheel, each of the pawl recesses being bordered by an inclined face on one side and a generally upright face both extending from the outer periphery of the wheel; a pawl received in each of the pawl recesses, each of the pawls having at least one tooth facing outward from the outer periphery of the wheel to engage with the plurality of teeth formed on the inner periphery of the cavity, wherein at least two of the plurality of pawls contact the teeth on the inner periphery of the cavity when the wheel is rotated at different angular positions relative to the inner periphery of the cavity; and a biasing member mounted in the cavity of the handle and comprising a resilient biasing element extending into the pawl recess between the upright face of the pawl recess and the pawl, wherein the resilient biasing element provides a biasing force against the pawl to urge the pawl into contact with the inner periphery of the cavity.
 12. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 11, wherein the pawl recesses are evenly distributed about the outer periphery of the wheel.
 13. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 11, wherein at least two pawl recesses are distributed about the outer periphery of the wheel one hundred and eighty degrees relative to one another.
 14. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 11, wherein at least one tooth on at least two of the plurality of pawls are located in different locations on the corresponding pawl.
 15. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 11, wherein the resilient biasing element is a spring ring.
 16. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 15, wherein the spring ring comprises a generally planar surface and at least one resilient biasing leaf extending from the planar surface.
 17. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 16, wherein the cavity comprises an integrally formed flange to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity and the planar surface of the spring ring is disposed intermediate the flange and the wheel.
 18. A ratchet wrench as recited in claim 16, wherein the cavity is configured to receive a removable cap to at least partially enclose one side of the cavity and the planar surface of the spring ring is disposed intermediate the flange and the wheel.
 19. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1, wherein the biasing member is a coil spring.
 20. A ratchet wrench as defined in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of pawls includes a cammed surface for abutting the inclined face defining the pawl recess and biasing the pawl towards the inner periphery of the cavity. 